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Jews from the Lodz ghetto are forced to transfer to a narrow-gauge railroad at Kolo during deportation to the Chelmno extermination camp. Kolo, Poland, probably 1942.
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Jewish children forced to haul a wagon. Lodz ghetto, Poland, wartime.
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Jews at forced labor, transporting excrement down a ghetto street. Lodz ghetto, Poland, wartime.
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Motto of Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Lodz ghetto Jewish council: "Our only path [to survival] is [through] work." Lodz, Poland, wartime.